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Heterotrophs, Autotrophs, Phototrophs, and Chemotrophs
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In this video, Biology Professor (Twitter: @DrWhitneyHolden) discusses heterotrophs, autotrophs, phototrophs, and chemotrophs and how these categories are used to describe different ways that organisms obtain carbon and energy. Also discussed are the combinations of these categories: photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs, and chemoheterotrophs.
A side note, since people have sent in questions about it: The molecules used by chemotrophs can be organic (chemoorganotrophs) or inorganic (chemolithotrophs)! 🙂 Check out my video about that here: https://youtu.be/sv3RRL5Ppk0
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
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What is HETEROTROPH? What does HETEROTROPH mean? HETEROTROPH meaning, definition \u0026 explanation
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What is HETEROTROPH? What does HETEROTROPH mean? HETEROTROPH meaning HETEROTROPH pronunciation HETEROTROPH definition HETEROTROPH explanation How to pronounce HETEROTROPH?.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bysa/3.0/ license.
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth. Heterotrophs can be further divided based on how they obtain energy; if the heterotroph uses light for energy, then it is considered a photoheterotroph, while if the heterotroph uses chemical energy, it is considered a chemoheterotroph.
Heterotrophs contrast with autotrophs, such as plants and algae, which can use energy from sunlight (photoautotrophs) or inorganic compounds (lithoautotrophs) to produce organic compounds such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins from inorganic carbon dioxide. These reduced carbon compounds can be used as an energy source by the autotroph and provide the energy in food consumed by heterotrophs. Ninetyfive percent or more of all types of living organisms are heterotrophic, including all animals and fungi and most bacteria and protists.
Organotrophs exploit reduced carbon compounds as energy sources, like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins from plants and animals. Photoorganoheterotrophs such as Rhodospirillaceae and purple nonsulfur bacteria synthesize organic compounds by utilization of sunlight coupled with oxidation of inorganic substances, including hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, and molecular hydrogen. They use organic compounds to build structures. They do not fix carbon dioxide and apparently do not have the Calvin cycle. Chemolithoheterotrophs can be distinguished from mixotrophs (or facultative chemolithotroph), which can utilize either carbon dioxide or organic carbon as the carbon source.
Heterotrophs, by consuming reduced carbon compounds, are able to use all the energy that they obtain from food for growth and reproduction, unlike autotrophs, which must use some of their energy for carbon fixation. Both heterotrophs and autotrophs alike are usually dependent on the metabolic activities of other organisms for nutrients other than carbon, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, and can die from lack of food that supplies these nutrients. This applies not only to animals and fungi but also to bacteria.
EP.1 Metabolism คืออะไร
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HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION
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Heterotrophic nutrition is nutrition obtained by digesting organic compounds. Animals, fungi, many prokaryotes and protoctists are unable to synthesize organic compounds to use as food. They are known as heterotrophs.
Heterotrophic organisms have to acquire and take in all the organic substances they need to survive.
All heterotrophs (except blood and gut parasites) have to convert solid food into soluble compounds capable of being absorbed (digestion). When the soluble products of digestion are absorbed they are distributed to various parts of the organism where complex materials (assimilation) are broken down for the release of energy (respiration). All heterotrophs depend on autotrophs for their nutrition. Heterotrophic plants has only 4 types
The three main types of heterotrophic nutrition are:
Holozoic nutrition: Complex food is taken into a specialist digestive system and broken down into small pieces to be absorbed. This consists of 5 stages, ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.
Saprobiontic/saprotrophic: Organisms feed on dead organic remains of other organisms.
Parasitism: Organisms obtain food from other living organisms (the host), with the host receiving no benefit from the parasite.
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